Roulette ka Itihaas
Roulette ka itihaas ek fail hue physics experiment, Paris ke ek gaming room, ek German spa town ke do bhaiyon, aur us casino se hokar guzarta hai jisne ek akele green pocket ko European standard bana diya.
Wheel se pehle
- 1654
Pascal aur Fermat: problem of points; expected value.
Roulette Expected Value - 1655Bina maqsad ka wheel
Blaise Pascal perpetual-motion machine ki talaash mein ek baareeki se balanced ghoomta wheel banate hain. Machine fail hoti hai; wheel bach jata hai, lagbhag bina friction ka, dekhne mein random device.
Blaise Pascal: Roulette Wheel ki Kahani - 1657
Huygens expectation par pehla granth chhaapte hain.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: law of large numbers.
Long-Run Convergence: Roulette mein Law of Large Numbers - 1740sRoly-poly aur E.O.
English gaming houses even aur odd slots wale wheels ghumate hain. In games par baar-baar ban lagta hai, jo variants ko Continent ki taraf dhakel deta hai.
Roulette Kisne Banaya? Roulette ki Shuruaat - 1754
d’Alembert woh fallacy chhaapte hain jiska naam baad mein unke naam par ek system ko mila.
D'Alembert Roulette Strategy - 1758
New France (Quebec) dice, hoca, faro aur “roulette” par ban lagata hai: gambling game ke liye is naam ke sabse purane records mein se ek.
- 1760 ka dashak
“Martingale” gambling slang ke roop mein French dictionaries mein aata hai.
Martingale Roulette Strategy
Game
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Jaques Lablée ka novel La Roulette Palais-Royal ke ek gaming house mein do house pockets, 0 aur 00, wale wheel ka varnan karta hai. Yeh modern game ka sabse purana poora varnan hai.
Sahitya mein Roulette - 1800 ka dashak
American wheels eagle pocket jodte hain: teen house numbers.
American Roulette Wheel aur Rules - 1837
France casinos par ban lagata hai; khel German spas mein chala jaata hai.
- 1841
Blanc brothers Bad Homburg ka concession lete hain.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François aur Louis Blanc German spa town mein casino kholte hain aur double zero hata dete hain. Single-zero wheel house edge aadha kar deta hai aur players ko rival resorts se kheench laata hai.
Bad Homburg aur Spa Casinos - 1863Monte Carlo
Poore Germany mein juaa ghair-kanooni hone par Blanc Monaco ke mushkil mein chal rahe casino ko sambhaal lete hain. Monte Carlo European roulette ka reference ban jata hai; single zero uska standard hai.
Monte Carlo Roulette - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Dostoevsky ka Roulettenburg - 1868
Nice se Monte Carlo tak railway.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco income tax khatam karta hai.
- 1872
Prussia German casinos band karta hai.
Players aur tests
- 1870 ka dashak
Labouchère London mein cancellation system ko popular banate hain.
Labouchère Roulette Strategy - c. 1880Jagger ka wheel
Joseph Jagger, Yorkshire ke ek textile vyapari, Monte Carlo ke wheels record karwate hain aur un numbers par bet lagate hain jo bahut zyada aate hain. Woh bada paisa jeette hain; casino apne wheels idhar-udhar karta hai, phir badal deta hai.
Joseph Jagger: Monte Carlo mein Roulette Strategy - 1891Woh aadmi jisne bank tod diya
Charles Wells kuch dinon mein kai baar ek table ki chips khatam kar dete hain, jis par music-hall gaana banta hai. Jaanch mein koi system nahi milta, sirf kismat aur, baad mein, kahin aur dhokhadhadi.
Woh Aadmi Jisne Bank Tod Diya - 1900
Pearson Monte Carlo ke spin data ke saath chi-square test chhaapte hain.
Chi-Square Test - 1907
France spa aur samundar kinare ke shehron mein casinos ko phir se legal karta hai.
- 1913
Monte Carlo mein lagataar 26 black.
Gambler's Fallacy - 1931
Nevada casino gambling ko legal karta hai.
Las Vegas ke Roulette Wheels - 1940 ka dashak
Ulam aur von Neumann Monte Carlo method ka naam rakhte hain.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond roulette mein do dozens par bet lagata hai.
James Bond Roulette Strategy - 1961
Thorp aur Shannon pehla pehna ja sakne wala roulette computer banate hain.
Roulette Computers - 1965
Dubins aur Savage saabit karte hain ki subfair games mein bold play optimal hai.
- 1969
Thorp ka survey batata hai ki koi betting system negative-expectation game ko kyun nahi harata.
Myth: Hamesha Jeetne Wali Roulette Strategy - 1977–81
Nevada mein Eudaemons ke chhupe computers: 1978 mein baanh ke neeche, 1981 mein joote mein.
The Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada prediction devices ko crime banata hai. Bass The Eudaemonic Pie chhaapte hain.
Roulette mein Cheating
Aaj ka game
- 20th c.Spa towns se screens tak
Roulette double zero wapas lagakar Las Vegas pahunchta hai, phir 1990s mein online RNG tables tak aur 2000s mein live-stream studio wheels tak.
European vs American Roulette - 1990 ka dashak
García-Pelayo family Madrid ke paas biased wheels ka faayda uthati hai; ban hoti hai; courts ban palat dete hain (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Roulette System - 1996
RNG roulette wale pehle online casinos.
Live vs RNG Roulette - 2003–06
Studios se stream hota live-dealer roulette; Riga aur Malta hubs bante hain.
Live Roulette Kaise Kaam Karta Hai - 2004
Ritz team ball predict karke £1.3m jeetti hai; bataya gaya laser kabhi nahi milta; koi charge nahi.
Roulette Advantage Play - 2005
UK Gambling Act: remote gambling ki poori licensing.
UK mein Roulette - 2012
Small aur Tse roulette prediction ki physics chhaapte hain.
Roulette Wheel ki Physics - 2013
New Jersey regulated online casinos shuru karta hai.
USA mein Roulette - 2016
Las Vegas Strip par triple-zero roulette.
Triple Zero Roulette - 2018
US ka federal sports-betting ban radd hota hai; states kanoon banate hain.
- 2021
Germany aur Netherlands online casino games ko license dete hain.
Europe mein Roulette - 2026
Yeh site: upar ki har date, hisaab ke saath.
Ek line jo matter karti hai
Dhai sadiyon mein roulette ke odds sirf ek baar player ke favour mein badle (1843, ek zero hataya gaya) aur do baar khilaaf (1800 ke dashak mein eagle, 2016 mein triple zero). Baaki sab, systems, computers, studios, lights, ne hisaab wahin chhoda jahan Lablée ne use paaya tha: us wheel ke khilaaf 36/n − 1 jismein usse ek pocket zyada ho.
Sawaal
Pascal wali. Wheel ke experiments asli hain; roulette se link sirf parampara hai.
19vi sadi mein; aaj ka European order Monte Carlo ke daur tak standard ho chuka tha.
Shayad koi regulation wali. Wheel poora ho chuka hai.
Thodi hansi
Dhai sadiyan, ek sudhaar, do giravat, bahut saari kahaniyan.
Sources
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.