François Blanc
Woh operator jisne double zerovariantDouble zeroAmerican wheel ka 00 pocket. Iske hone se house edge 2.70% se badhkar 5.26% ho jaata hai.Poora padhein → hataya, aur theek-theek samajhta tha ki isse kya hoga.
François Blanc (1806–1877) ne rival spa casinos ko peechhe chhodne ke liye 1843 mein Bad Homburg mein single-zero wheel shuru kiya, phir usi wheel par Monte Carlo banaya. Players ko diya gaya “tohfa” asal mein ek price cut tha jisne market share khareeda.
Homburg se pehle
François aur unke judwa bhai Louis ne 1830 ke dashak mein Bordeaux mein speculators ke roop mein shuruaat ki, jahan unhe telegraph operators ko rishwat de kar market se pehle Paris ke bond prices jaanne ka doshi paaya gaya, information arbitrage ka ek shuruaati case. Chhoti si saza ke baad woh casino chalane lage, pehle Luxembourg mein, phir 1841 mein chhote spa town Bad Homburg ka concession le kar.
Single zero
Homburg ka muqabla Baden-Baden aur Wiesbaden ke jame hue spas se tha, jinke wheels mein do zeroswheelZeroAkela green pocket jise koi even-money, dozen ya column bet cover nahi karta; house edge ka source. Doosre naam: single zero, 0.Poora padhein → the. Blancs ne ek zero wale wheel ka advertisement kiya. House edgeganitHouse edgeHar stake ka woh hissa jo casino average mein rakh leta hai: European roulette mein 2.70%.Poora padhein → 5.26% se 2.70% par aa gaya, aur advertisement khud ban gaya: Europe ka akela casino jahan player ke odds do guna achhe the. Players aaye, Homburg bada hua, aur rivals ne aakhir nakal ki. Yeh daryadili nahi thi. Yeh ek aise market mein price cut tha jahan product ek jaisa tha aur price hi akela lever tha.
Monaco
Jab 1866 mein Prussia ne Hesse-Homburg ko mila liya aur German gambling dheere-dheere band hui (aakhri tables 1872 mein band huin), tab tak Blanc nikal chuke the. Unhone 1863 mein doobta Monaco concession khareeda, railway aur hotels mein paisa lagaya, aur casino ko gaming room ki jagah resort ki tarah chalaya. Single zero unke saath aaya aur European standard ban gaya. Blanc family pidhiyon tak Monaco ke casino income mein hissa rakhti rahi; unki beti ki shaadi Radziwiłł princes mein hui aur ek poti ki Bonapartes mein.
Courthézon, Vaucluse mein apne judwa Louis ke saath janm.
Bordeaux: speculation, telegraph rishwat, saza.
Bad Homburg ka concession.
Homburg mein single-zero wheel shuru.
Monaco concession khareedte hain; Société des Bains de Mer ki sthapna.
Monte Carlo tak railway khulti hai.
German casinos band; continent par sirf Monte Carlo bacha.
Switzerland mein maut, Europe ke sabse ameer logon mein se ek.
Unhone kya samjha
Yeh ki house edge ek price hai, ki players prices compare karte hain chahe unhe calculate na kar sakein, aur ki zyada volume ke saath kam price, kam volume ke saath zyada price ko hara deta hai. 2.70% par Monte Carlo ki kamai 5.26% wale Homburg se kahin zyada thi kyunki zyada players, zyada tables aur zyada spins the. Expected lossganitExpected lossExpected value guna kul lagayi gayi raqam; ek session ya ek muddat mein ausat nuksaan.Poora padhein → (edge × turnoverpaisaTurnoverSession ya muddat mein lagayi gayi kul raqam, dobara lagayi gayi jeet milakar. Doosre naam: handle, action.Poora padhein →) ka hisaab unka business model tha, players ke liye kisi ke likhne se bhi pehle.
Viraasat
Duniya ka har single-zero wheel Blanc ka hai. Aaj ka casino resort bhi: yeh idea ki casino ek destination ka hissa hai jismein hotels, opera house aur railway station hain. American wheel ne doosra zero isliye rakha kyunki koi Blanc use kaatne nahi aaya; 2016 ka triple-zero wheel ulti chaal hai, wahan chali gayi jahan players ke paas compare karne ke liye koi Monte Carlo nahi tha.
Sawaal
Unhone ise shuru aur popular kiya. Single-zero wheels shayad pehle try hue hon; Homburg ne ise policy banaya.
Ulta. Volume itna badha jitna margin ghata usse zyada.
Ek journalist ka diya upnaam, ek chhote spa ko das saal mein Europe ki gambling capital banane ke liye.
Thodi hansi
Price cut, tohfa nahi. Baaki kaam volume ne kiya.
Sources
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.